Bill nye torrent download

This movie is German, English, French, Dutch, Turkish. More Like This. Coming Soon. Anxious People. Bill Nye the Science Guy is an American half-hour live action science program that originally was syndicated by Walt Disney Television to local stations from. It's the multiplied product of speed and mass, y'know. Well, watch.

William Sanford Nye born November 27, , popularly known as Bill Nye the Science Guy, is an American science communicator, television presenter, and mechanical engineer.

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All rights reserved. You must be logged in to post a comment. Figure 2 shows the human cost of the invasion. The Germans proved expert in carrying through another strategic initiative when they landed troops by parachute, glider, and aeroplane.

This was the first full-scale use of blitzkrieg. The Germans conquered everything in their path, enabling the Red Army to move forward on 17 September to claim its share of Poland, as promised by the secret clause in the Nazi—Soviet Non-Aggression Pact signed one month earlier. Although international law designated this Soviet move as an act of aggression, the Soviets protested that they were merely intervening because the Polish state had collapsed.

The rapidity of the German victory shocked the Allies. It had taken only one month to crush Poland. Thus, between 17 September and 22 June , the beautiful rivers of Narew, Vistula, and San divided Poland between the two occupying countries of Germany and the Soviet Union. The aim is not the arrival at a certain line but the annihilation of living forces. Be brutal. It is necessary to proceed with maximum severity. The war is to be a war of annihilation.

Just one statistic can illustrate the level of brutality endured by the Poles during the war: around 20 per cent of the population of Poland was killed, compared with less than 2 per cent of the French population while they were occupied by Axis powers. In order to weaken Polish resistance, the SS targeted the intelligentsia: teachers, writers, and the educated classes were particularly vulnerable. Children were also victimized. The Germans deported around 15 per cent of all Polish children as slaves to Germany.

Of the , children taken, only 20, returned to Poland after the war. Children remaining in Poland were victims in other ways. I do not think that reading is desirable. Finally, national treasures were looted during the war.

In just three months between December and March , libraries, 96 manors, 74 palaces, 43 historic churches, 15 museums, and innumerable art galleries were looted and the bounty carefully packed and sent to Germany. In the Soviet part of Poland, the destruction may have been even more devastating, at least prior to While the Germans killed around , Poles between and , the Russians killed more than , The graves of 25, Polish officers, soldiers, and civilians captured by the Red Army and massacred in April and May were later unearthed in the Katyn and Miednoje forests and in a wooded area on the outskirts of Kharkov.

These were some of the earliest mass shootings of POWs during the war. In addition, over 1. Their property was confiscated. Stalin set out ruthlessly to eradicate all signs and symbols of Polish identity. Repression became central to everyday life. Pettiness ruled. Poles were forbidden to ride in taxis, wear felt hats, walk in public parks, and carry briefcases. Everything recognizably Polish was banned, including Mass and the teaching of Polish history in schools.

Polish was relegated to the status of a secondary language. Between 30 November and March , a one-million-strong Red Army clashed with , Finnish troops. The Soviet troops were not trained for deep-snow conditions, they had poor radio communications, and the long nights and heavy snow limited the support of Soviet aviation.

In contrast, the Finns excelled at small-unit tactics in the forests, leaving the Soviet troops to stumble along the roads. By March, Stalin had been forced to concede a humiliating defeat. By early April , Denmark had been overrun, allowing Germany to dominate the Baltic and providing a site for German fighter planes.

The Netherlands surrendered a month later, but not before the city of Rotterdam had been bombed, resulting in the death of around 1, civilians.

The Dutch had proved too dependent upon defensive measures—particularly flooding—and had not taken into consideration the possibilities of war from the air. It quickly capitulated. Meanwhile, France itself was subjected to a blitzkrieg. The declaration of war initially found France relatively calm. The American ambassador reported that mobilization for war was carried out in absolute quiet. The men left in silence.

There were no bands, no songs. There was no hysterical weeping of mothers and sisters and children. The self-control and quiet courage has been so far beyond the usual state of the human race that it has a dream quality. The technological superiority of the Germans and, more importantly, their superior tactics dealt France a crushing blow.

Allied military leaders had lamentably failed to develop a strategy appropriate to the new way the Germans were conducting battle. The Allied forces failed to ensure adequate air—ground support and their combined arms tactics were deficient.

Most importantly, they had not realized the strategic implications of speed in modern, technologically driven combat. The Germans excelled at fast warfare and French and British forces could not keep up. Within only six weeks, the French army had collapsed and shell-shocked Parisians were forced to watch as German soldiers paraded through their streets, the sound of their jackboots signalling the defeat of a great power.

Keen to fly the swastika over Paris, Hitler ordered his tanks and troops to halt only fifteen miles from Dunkirk, enabling the , Allied troops trapped by the rapid German advance in the Dunkirk and Ostend area to escape. The Allies had understood at least one thing better than the Germans: the sea could be a highway, as much as a barrier.

From 26 May, forty British, French, Belgian, and Dutch destroyers, accompanied later by around privately owned craft including Thames barges, pleasure steamers, and fishing boats , ferried the trapped troops to the safety of Britain. By 4 June, , men onethird of whom were French had been rescued. When the German troops became aware of the evacuation, they attempted to respond, but their efforts were impeded by poor weather, which grounded much of the Luftwaffe.

All they could do was watch their enemies slipping away. France was left defenceless. Denise Levertov had been evacuated to Buckinghamshire, where a faint sound of the battle could be heard. Whenever the weather had cleared, dive-bombers of the Luftwaffe had attacked the helpless men.

Many had gone crazy with terror. Others had mobbed the boats, causing them to capsize and drowning their wounded comrades. Fear had caused discipline to falter. This aspect of Dunkirk is often forgotten. After all, it was only in the last two days of the evacuation that the armada of civilian boats came to the rescue of the encircled armies.

National pride has also played a large part in the story of Dunkirk. French historians imply that the British troops were fleeing through cowardice, while British historians blame the French for making evacuation necessary in the first place. Yet the fact was that British armed forces had suffered a resounding defeat.

Initially, the bombing of British cities was a mistake. Prior to September , the Luftwaffe had concentrated their attacks on coastal targets in Britain and on shipping. However, on 23 August , the Luftwaffe accidentally dropped some bombs over London. Hitler was furious and ordered attacks to commence on London. The Battle of Britain lasted just eighty-two days, between 10 July and 31 October In the early days, the bombing was relentless.

From 7 September to 13 November, London was bombed almost every day and every night. A young girl from the East End of London described the eerie feeling of being bombed: I remember racing towards the house, E pulling me and yelling. The oddest feeling in the air all around, as if the whole air was falling apart, quite silently. And then suddenly I was on my face, just inside the kitchen door.

There seemed to be waves buffeting me, one after another, like bathing in a rough sea. I remember clutching the floor, the carpet, to prevent myself 36 occupied europe being swept away.

This smell of carpet in my nose and trying not to be swept away, and I could hear Mrs R screaming. In the period to May , 43, people were killed and another 1.

Half of the civilians killed were women. Indeed, by September , the death rate of British civilians exceeded that of British soldiers.

This remained the case until D-Day in In the end, however, the losses suffered by the Luftwaffe were crippling. During the Battle of Britain, the German air force lost 1, aircraft and 3, crew compared with aircraft and pilots within the RAF. Their vote signalled the decisive defeat of the Third Republic. Parliamentary democracy was no more: it was replaced by one of the most authoritarian regimes of twentieth-century Europe.

To make their victory even sweeter, the Germans insisted that 37 occupied europe the armistice be signed in the same railway carriage in which the Germans had acknowledged defeat on 11 November A bitter period of French history was inaugurated. Photographs of the two men shaking hands were widely published. The implications of the French surrender rapidly became clear.

France was immediately divided into two zones. The Germans occupied Paris and the surrounding area, while French collaborationists governed the second zone from Vichy, a spa town in central France.

A main reason was that in the early days of the invasion the cult of the Marshal was strong. At his side was the more flamboyant, arch-appeaser Pierre Laval. Together, they set about reconstructing a French nation that could coexist with Germany. Both saw collaboration as a necessity, not an option. It took two years before this basic political arrangement was to be reformed again.

Persecution of the Jews Persecution—along with its handmaiden, collaboration— began immediately after the defeat. Between and , collaboration was the norm, not the exception. To the horror of the Allies, the policies of Aryanization and anti-Semitism 38 occupied europe adopted were not forced upon the French by Nazi pressure but were home-grown. In both occupied France and the unoccupied zone, anti-Jewish laws were enforced zealously. The Vichy government passed laws and actes reglementaires against Jews.

As early as 3 October , Vichy promulgated the first statute on the Jews, without any German pressure. This statute excluded Jews from public office and set a limit on their numbers in the professions.

Then the Jews began to be rounded up. From October , all Jews had to register their name, profession, nationality, and address at their local police station. The census or, more correctly, the death file was called the Tulard dossier after Andre Tulard, the French civil servant in charge of the operation. By May , all Jews in the occupied zone had to wear a yellow star. In July , mass arrests began.

The first 27, people arrested were chosen from the Tulard dossier. Contrary to common assumption, these arrests were not carried out by Germans: only Frenchmen took part in rounding up these Jews.

Initially, at least, sharp distinctions were made between French Jews and foreign Jews, who constituted one-half of all Jews in France in Put bluntly, the Vichy government participated in the Final Solution, agreeing to hand over foreign Jews. The only other unoccupied territory that voluntarily did this was Bulgaria. In fact, French politicians and officials attempted to manipulate Nazi policy to rid France of foreign Jews. Later, when the 39 occupied europe Germans began the mass deportations of Jews to death camps, the Vichy government even provided police support.

It was only from the spring of that the German police took charge of these round-ups. It was this persecution of the French Jews between and the date when Germany occupied all of France that facilitated the Nazi deportation of 75, Jews to the death camps between and Of the 75, French Jews who were deported, only 4 per cent returned.

Most of the others perished in the gas ovens, but a large proportion also died from disease, hard work, lack of food, and inadequate shelter. Resistance in Western Europe Civilians trapped in the occupied countries were often unsure of how to respond to their predicament.

Many turned a blind eye to the atrocious activities of the occupiers, but the majority of men and women felt confused, demoralized, and unsure how they were expected to act. With astonishing speed, they became hardened to violence. However, collaboration with fascism was not inevitable. Moral agency is crucial to what it means to be human. For instance, while the German Catholic Church did not oppose the transport of Jews, it did eventually oppose the mass murder of the handicapped.

In fascist Italy, even under German occupation, anti-Semitic laws were not generally enforced. Symbolic resistance was understandably the most common form of resisting enemy occupation. Retired people pottered about in their gardens, planting flowers in the national colours. On Bastille Day, there would be a sartorial epidemic of clothes coloured red, white, and blue. In many countries, simply greeting Jewish neighbours in the street was risky enough. For instance, the Dutch went on strike in February over the persecution of the Jews, in spring when Dutch soldiers were sent to prisoner-of-war camps in Germany, and in September when Allied troops landed.

Further, the Dutch underground hid around 25, Jews, of whom 6, remained undetected. Sabotage, intelligence, and armed revolt were even more dangerous. By the end of the war over 13, men and women had served in the SOE, and the OSS employed 13, people at its height in late Thus, in the occupied areas of the Soviet Union, Poland, and the Balkans, people had little to lose by resisting, since death was staring them in the face irrespective of their actions.

In other occupied countries— such as in the Channel Islands, the only British territory to be occupied by the Germans during the war, and in the Netherlands, peopled with so-called Aryans—the relatively gentle nature of the occupation reduced much of the incentive for aggressive resistance, at least initially. The Channel Islanders were also subdued by the overwhelming presence of German troops there was one German soldier to every two islanders.

It was easier to resist when the Germans were thinner on the ground. Resistance was also influenced by geography. The flat, cleared landscape of the Channel Islands and Denmark militated against the roving bands of guerrillas that were so effective in mountainous countries like Greece and Italy.

In many countries, the resistance had difficulty persuading rural people to support their cause. Peasant families in places like France often found their status and material well-being improved by German occupation, while partisan groups were ignorant of rural needs. Partisans would descend upon a village, consume vital foodstuffs, and leave at the slightest sign of trouble, leaving the villagers to suffer the murderous wrath of German troops.

Only when the occupying troops proved more vicious than the partisans did rural communities support the resistance. In many occupied countries, widespread resistance was only sparked off by threats of labour conscription. In the south of France, for instance, the maquis began with men fleeing into the hills to avoid being conscripted to work in 42 occupied europe factories.

The Dutch and Norwegian resistance against the labour drafts was even more effective. In the Netherlands, massive labour strikes proved to be effective ways of resisting labour conscription. By mid-July, only 7 per cent of the men who had been conscripted had appeared for work. Women were crucial to many forms of resistance. They were involved in some of the most dangerous actions and many brave women SOE agents parachuted into occupied France; but more important were the larger group of women who were responsible for hiding escaping POWs, Jews, and other people at risk.

Hiding the Jews in particular was an important way women resisted the Nazis in occupied Europe. The Belgians and the Dutch were particularly effective in this—although the Dutch became notorious for their most celebrated failure to protect the young Jewish girl Anne Frank, author of a subsequently famous diary, from deportation to the camps. Resisters emerged from the full range of political parties.

Inevitably, Communists eventually were at the vanguard of resistance movements, despite their hesitant start owing to the invidious position they found themselves in after the Nazi—Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of Freed from this 43 occupied europe Pact in June when the Germans attacked the Soviet Union, they rapidly made up for lost time, even to the extent of making alliances with their former enemies, the Catholics.

However, resistance should not be regarded as innately revolutionary. In some countries, resistance took the form of fighting for the restoration of an old, aristocratic order. In Germany, resistance was muted and difficult. Up to the war, resistance had been mainly on the Left. By , however, conservative military officers had taken the lead.

The conspirators were arrested and hanged slowly by piano wire. The small number of German resisters were as likely to be inspired by reactionary elitism as by a vision of a new, democratic Germany. The moral stance taken by German groups such as the White Rose, established by Hans and Sophie Scholl, was exceptional.

In their most famous act of resistance, they dropped anti-Nazi leaflets into the main lobby of Munich University.

The leaders, all aged between 22 and 25 years of age, were beheaded. The wide political diversity in the resistance proved extremely problematical. Take the example of French resistance. General Charles de Gaulle, a French military Commander, had an immense impact. While in exile in London, he led the Free France resistance movement. The prophecy would take time to be realized, however. However, French resistance movements remained highly divided on political grounds—that is, until May , when Jean Moulin sent by de Gaulle managed to unite the leftists, unionists, and centrists into the Conseil Nationale de la Resistance.

Meanwhile, the Communist Party coordinated a complex series of acts of sabotage and other forms of guerrilla warfare. The Germans responded with relentless repression focusing on innocent civilian populations. The most brutal of these reprisals occurred on 10 June , when an SS Division, frustrated by its inability to strike a blow against the Allies, murdered around 1, men, women, and children in the village of Oradour-sur-Glane in south-west France.

The men were executed while the women and children were burnt alive inside the village church. This razed village can still be visited today. It has been left as it was the day after this atrocity: a painful memorial to the suffering caused by war. In all occupied countries, the risks were immense. Of the , French resisters sent to German concentration camps, only 35, returned. For those who were captured, torture was routine. It was too common in our country to worry me. But death another way—the slow way—sometimes brought me awake in the night sweating.

I had seen some of the results of their handiwork. She describes her experiences: I am not courageous. I thought well you know there must be a breaking point. Of course, there are many other things they can do to me. But if I accept that it will not be my decision, they will kill me. They will have a dead body, useless to them.

But they will not have me. Casualties occurred immediately. In the first week after the declaration of war, thirteen deep-sea merchant ships had already been sunk. He admitted: Amid the torrent of violent events one anxiety reigned supreme.

Battles might be won or lost, enterprises might succeed or miscarry, territories might be gained or quitted, but dominating all our power to carry on the war, or even to keep ourselves alive, lay in our mastery of the ocean routes and the free approach and entry to our ports.

For one thing, the Battle of the Atlantic was not a battle at all nor did it take place only in the Atlantic. It was really a campaign that lasted 47 battle of the atlantic the entire war, although the most important period was between September and May Navies had to wait until the s for the invention of true submarines—that is, vessels that operated just as effectively under the water as they did on the surface. However, one thing is indisputable: the Battle of the Atlantic was a struggle against fierce elements of water and wind, as much as a war between machine and man.

German leaders were well aware that keeping open communications and trade routes was crucial to the British war economy. Without them, the Allies faced defeat by strangulation of their supply lines.

The Allies were equally keen to maintain the blockade on Axis nations. Although this chapter focuses on the European Axis nations, the sea routes were also crucial for Japan. In , 40 per cent of the oil from captured oilfields reached Japan: within two years, this was down to a measly 5 per cent. No oil got through in Deprived of oil, the Japanese war economy was crippled.

However, the small but modern German fleet and submarines were no insignificant threat. Furthermore, the fall of France gave Germany an advantage by providing bases in France and Norway. As a consequence, the German U-boats were initially very successful. When a convoy was sighted, the submarine would radio the location to land-based headquarters, which would then convey the information to other submarines.

The only solution for the Allies was to increase their naval and air escorts in order to prevent the U-boats from getting to their target. They also attempted to destroy as many U-boats as possible along the way, by attacking them with depth charges that is, pound explosive charges placed inside heavy drums and fired into the sea.

Depth charges worked either by directly destroying the U-boat or by forcing it to the surface, where it could be fired upon. In addition to such aggressive ways of dealing with the German threat in the water, the Allies also responded defensively by rationalizing imports and increasing the production of ships. Although German U-boats remained in action until the very end of the war, the Allies were in the ascendancy by , owing to their superior material and sophisticated sources of intelligence.

Figure 3 illustrates the newly found confidence of the Americans and British. As a consequence, the Germans faced increasing difficulties locating Allied convoys, and were hard hit by Allied air and surface escorts. The Allies also adopted a policy of forcing the U-boats to go underwater, where, being much slower, they could be attacked more effectively.

The use of search radar enabled 50 battle of the atlantic Allied vessels to detect U-boats even in poor conditions and at a distance. Allied aeroplanes could then target the U-boats rapidly and with devastating accuracy. In other words, the Allies quickly learnt that aircraft were the best protection for seacraft.

Improved intelligence did not mean that the Battle of the Atlantic was over. Indeed, the ruthlessness of this war increased from late , when the German U-boats began focusing on merchant shipping in American home waters and in the Caribbean, resulting in the loss of nearly ships and severe damage to the Allied war effort.

Probably the most notorious of these attacks occurred on 12 September , when German torpedoes sank the Laconia. To their great consternation, the German U-boat commanders were surprised to discover that there were 1, Italian prisoners of war on board, along with nearly 1, other men, women, and children, so they started a rescue operation.

Unaware of this rescue operation, an American bomber began attacking the U-boats. Other shipwrecked people were to be rescued only if they were thought to possess valuable information. Remember the enemy has no regard for women and children when he bombs German cities.